构建说明
按照下面的步骤构建 Electron,来生成自定义的 Electron 二进制文件。 For bundling and distributing your app code with the prebuilt Electron binaries, see the application distribution guide.
平台要求
各个平台所对应的构建要求如下:
构建工具
Electron的构建工具 自动化了很多配置不同的从源代码编译Electron的设置和构建目标。 如果您希望手动设置环境,则说明如下。
Electron 使用 GN 生成项目,并用 Ninja 完成构建。 项目配置位于 .gn
和 .gni
文件中。
GN 文件
The following gn
files contain the main rules for building Electron:
BUILD.gn
指明了如何构建 Electron,还包括与 Chromium 相关的默认配置。build/args/{testing,release,all}.gn
包含 Electron 的默认构建参数。
前置知识
此外,你还需要安装depot_tools
,这是一个用于获取Chromium,及其相关依赖工具。
另外,如果使用Windows系统, 你需要设置环境变量DEPOT_TOOLS_WIN_TOOLCHAIN=0
。 依次打开 Control Panel
→ System and Security
→ System
→ Advanced system settings
,然后添加系统变量 DEPOT_TOOLS_WIN_TOOLCHAIN
,并设置默认值为 0
. 这将促使depot_tools
使用本地已安装的Visual Studio(默认状态下,depot_tools
将会下载一个只有谷歌内部员工有权限使用的内部版本)。
设置 git 缓存
如果您想 checkout 多份 Electron 源码 (例如多个并行目录 checkout 到不同的分支), 推荐使用 git 缓存来加速后续对 gclient
的调用。 为此,设置 GIT_CACHE_PATH
环境变量:
$ export GIT_CACHE_PATH="${HOME}/.git_cache"
$ mkdir -p "${GIT_CACHE_PATH}"
# 这将使用大约16G
获取源码
$ mkdir electron && cd electron
$ gclient config --name "src/electron" --unmanaged https://github.com/electron/electron
$ gclient sync --with_branch_heads --with_tags
# 这将需要一段时间,喝杯咖啡休息一下。
除了使用
https://github.com/electron/electron
, 你也可以使用你自己的 fork (形如https://github.com/<username>/electron
)。
拉/推的注意事项
如果您将来打算从 electron
官方地址进行 git pull
或 git push
,那么您需要更新相应文件夹的源 URL。
$ cd src/electron
$ git remote remove origin
$ git remote add origin https://github.com/electron/electron
$ git checkout main
$ git branch --set-upstream-to=origin/main
$ cd -
📝 gclient
会检查 src/electron
目录下的 DEPS
文件,从中获取依赖信息 (就像 Chromium 或 Node.js 那样)。 运行 gclient sync -f
确保所有用来构建 Electron 的依赖都符合该文件的描述。
运行以下命令拉取源码:
$ cd src/electron
$ git pull
$ gclient sync -f
构建
设置chromium build tools的环境变量
On Linux & MacOS
$ cd src
$ export CHROMIUM_BUILDTOOLS_PATH=`pwd`/buildtools
在 Windows 中:
# cmd
$ cd src
$ set CHROMIUM_BUILDTOOLS_PATH=%cd%\buildtools
# PowerShell
$ cd src
$ $env:CHROMIUM_BUILDTOOLS_PATH = "$(Get-Location)\buildtools"
要生成 Electron 的测试构建配置,请执行以下操作:
On Linux & MacOS
$ gn gen out/Testing --args="import(\"//electron/build/args/testing.gn\")"
在 Windows 中:
# cmd
$ gn gen out/Testing --args="import(\"//electron/build/args/testing.gn\")"
# PowerShell
gn gen out/Testing --args="import(\`"//electron/build/args/testing.gn\`")"
要生成 Electron 的 Release build 配置,请执行以下操作:
On Linux & MacOS
$ gn gen out/Release --args="import(\"//electron/build/args/release.gn\")"
在 Windows 中:
# cmd
$ gn gen out/Release --args="import(\"//electron/build/args/release.gn\")"
# PowerShell
$ gn gen out/Release --args="import(\`"//electron/build/args/release.gn\`")"
注意: 通过上面的配置,这将在 src/
下生成 out/Testing
测试构建目录 或 out/Release
发布构建目录。 您可以用另一个名称替换 Testing|Release
,但它应该是 out
的子目录。
如果你想改变构建参数,可以通过运行gn args out/Testing
来将参数带入编辑器,而无需再次运行gn gen
命令。 要查看可用的构建配置选项的列表,运行 gn args out/Testing --list
。
**构建时请运行 ninja
[参数] [输出目录] electron
** 注意:这也需要点时间,也可能会让你的电脑发烫。
测试配置:
$ ninja -C out/Testing electron
发布配置:
$ ninja -C out/Release electron
这个过程会构建 'libchromiumcontent' 里的所有内容,(如 chromium
中的content
,及其依赖 Blink and V8), so it will take a while.
构建需要在./out/Testing
文件下执行:
$ ./out/Testing/Electron.app/Contents/MacOS/Electron
# or, on Windows
$ ./out/Testing/electron.exe
# or, on Linux
$ ./out/Testing/electron
打包
在linux上,请先删除调试和符号信息:
$ electron/script/strip-binaries.py -d out/Release
将编译后的electron压缩成可分发的zip包:
$ ninja -C out/Release electron:electron_dist_zip
交叉编译
想要在当前系统上编译其他平台, 设置 target_cpu
and target_os
GN 参数。 例如,要从一个x64主机编译一个 x86 目标程序,指定target_cpu = "x86"
中指定 gn args
。
$ gn gen out/Testing-x86 --args='... target_cpu = "x86"'
Not all combinations of source and target CPU/OS are supported by Chromium.
Host | 目标 | 状态 |
---|---|---|
Windows x64 | Windows arm64 | 实验性功能 |
Windows x64 | Windows x86 | Automatically tested |
Linux x64 | Linux x86 | Automatically tested |
如果您测试其他组合并发现它们可以正常,请更新此文档 :)
See the GN reference for allowable values of target_os
and target_cpu
.
Windows on Arm (experimental)
To cross-compile for Windows on Arm, follow Chromium's guide to get the necessary dependencies, SDK and libraries, then build with ELECTRON_BUILDING_WOA=1
in your environment before running gclient sync
.
set ELECTRON_BUILDING_WOA=1
gclient sync -f --with_branch_heads --with_tags
Or (if using PowerShell):
$env:ELECTRON_BUILDING_WOA=1
gclient sync -f --with_branch_heads --with_tags
Next, run gn gen
as above with target_cpu="arm64"
.
测试
To run the tests, you'll first need to build the test modules against the same version of Node.js that was built as part of the build process. To generate build headers for the modules to compile against, run the following under src/
directory.
$ ninja -C out/Testing electron:node_headers
You can now run the tests.
可以通过增加其它标记来调试程序,例如:
$ npm run test -- \
--enable-logging -g 'BrowserWindow module'
在多个计算机之间共享 git 缓存
可以将gclient git 缓存与其他机器共享,导出为 SMB 在linux上共享。 但每次只能有一个进程或机器可以使用缓存。 The locks created by git-cache script will try to prevent this, but it may not work perfectly in a network.
On Windows, SMBv2 has a directory cache that will cause problems with the git cache script, so it is necessary to disable it by setting the registry key
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Lanmanworkstation\Parameters\DirectoryCacheLifetime
to 0. 更多信息:https://stackoverflow.com/a/9935126
This can be set quickly in powershell (ran as administrator):
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Lanmanworkstation\Parameters" -Name DirectoryCacheLifetime -Value 0 -PropertyType DWORD -Force
故障排查
gclient sync complains about rebase
If gclient sync
is interrupted the git tree may be left in a bad state, leading to a cryptic message when running gclient sync
in the future:
2> Conflict while rebasing this branch.
2> Fix the conflict and run gclient again.
2> See man git-rebase for details.
If there are no git conflicts or rebases in src/electron
, you may need to abort a git am
in src
:
$ cd ../
$ git am --abort
$ cd electron
$ gclient sync -f
This may also happen if you have checked out a branch (as opposed to having a detached head) in electron/src/
or some other dependency’s repository. If that is the case, a git checkout --detach HEAD
in the appropriate repository should do the trick.
I'm being asked for a username/password for chromium-internal.googlesource.com
If you see a prompt for Username for 'https://chrome-internal.googlesource.com':
when running gclient sync
on Windows, it's probably because the DEPOT_TOOLS_WIN_TOOLCHAIN
environment variable is not set to 0. Open Control Panel
→ System and Security
→ System
→ Advanced system settings
and add a system variable DEPOT_TOOLS_WIN_TOOLCHAIN
with value 0
. 这将促使depot_tools
使用本地已安装的Visual Studio(默认状态下,depot_tools
将会下载一个只有谷歌内部员工有权限使用的内部版本)。
e
Module not found
If e
is not recognized despite running npm i -g @electron/build-tools
, ie:
Error: Cannot find module '/Users/<user>/.electron_build_tools/src/e'
We recommend installing Node through nvm. This allows for easier Node version management, and is often a fix for missing e
modules.
RBE authentication randomly fails with "Token not valid"
This could be caused by the local clock time on the machine being off by a small amount. Use time.is to check.