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Vorrausetzungen

Follow along the tutorial

This is part 1 of the Electron tutorial.

  1. Vorrausetzungen
  2. Building your First App
  3. Using Preload Scripts
  4. Adding Features
  5. Packaging Your Application
  6. Publishing and Updating

Electron ist ein Framework zum Erstellen von Desktop-Anwendungen mit JavaScript, HTML und CSS. Electron ermöglicht es plattformunabhängige Apps zu schaffen die mit derselben Codebasis auf Windows, macOS und Linux laufen, indem Chromium und Node.js in eine einzelne, ausführbare Datei mit eingebunden werden.

Dieses Tutorial führt dich durch den Ablauf eine Desktop-Applikation mit Electron zu entwickeln und diese Anwender zu Verfügung zu stellen.

Ziele​

This tutorial starts by guiding you through the process of piecing together a minimal Electron application from scratch, then teaches you how to package and distribute it to users using Electron Forge.

If you prefer to get a project started with a single-command boilerplate, we recommend you start with Electron Forge's create-electron-app command.

Assumptions​

Electron is a native wrapper layer for web apps and is run in a Node.js environment. Therefore, this tutorial assumes you are generally familiar with Node and front-end web development basics. If you need to do some background reading before continuing, we recommend the following resources:

Required tools​

Code editor​

You will need a text editor to write your code. We recommend using Visual Studio Code, although you can choose whichever one you prefer.

Command line​

Throughout the tutorial, we will ask you to use various command-line interfaces (CLIs). You can type these commands into your system's default terminal:

  • Windows: Command Prompt or PowerShell
  • macOS: Terminal
  • Linux: varies depending on distribution (e.g. GNOME Terminal, Konsole)

Most code editors also come with an integrated terminal, which you can also use.

Git and GitHub​

Git is a commonly-used version control system for source code, and GitHub is a collaborative development platform built on top of it. Although neither is strictly necessary to building an Electron application, we will use GitHub releases to set up automatic updates later on in the tutorial. Therefore, we'll require you to:

If you're unfamiliar with how Git works, we recommend reading GitHub's Git guides. You can also use the GitHub Desktop app if you prefer using a visual interface over the command line.

We recommend that you create a local Git repository and publish it to GitHub before starting the tutorial, and commit your code after every step.

Installing Git via GitHub Desktop

GitHub Desktop will install the latest version of Git on your system if you don't already have it installed.

Node.js and npm​

To begin developing an Electron app, you need to install the Node.js runtime and its bundled npm package manager onto your system. We recommend that you use the latest long-term support (LTS) version.

tipp

Please install Node.js using pre-built installers for your platform. You may encounter incompatibility issues with different development tools otherwise. If you are using macOS, we recommend using a package manager like Homebrew or nvm to avoid any directory permission issues.

To check that Node.js was installed correctly, you can use the -v flag when running the node and npm commands. These should print out the installed versions.

$ node -v
v16.14.2
$ npm -v
8.7.0
Vorsicht

Although you need Node.js installed locally to scaffold an Electron project, Electron does not use your system's Node.js installation to run its code. Instead, it comes bundled with its own Node.js runtime. This means that your end users do not need to install Node.js themselves as a prerequisite to running your app.

To check which version of Node.js is running in your app, you can access the global process.versions variable in the main process or preload script. You can also reference https://releases.electronjs.org/releases.json.